Independence

[1] Fineman, Howard. The Thirteen American Arguments: Enduring Debates That Define and Inspire Our Country. New York, NY: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2009.

[2] Smith, Gary Scott. Faith and the Presidency: from George Washington to George W. Bush. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2006.

[3] Tocqueville, Alexis De, and J. P. Mayer. Democracy in America. New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1988. 228-229.

[4] Duck Soup. Dir. Leo McCarey. By Burt Kelmar and Harry Ruby. Perf. Groucho Marx, Harpo Marx, and Chico Marx. Universal Studios Home Entertainment, 1933.

[5] Reported in Time. 28 Dec. 2009 – 4 Jan. 2010: 35.

[6] Paine, Thomas. Rights of Man; Common Sense; and Other Political Writings. Ed. Mark Philp. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998.

[7] Jefferson, Thomas. “First Inaugural Address.” Presidential Inauguration. U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, D.C. 4 Mar. 1801. Address.

[8] Hammond, Scott J., Kevin R. Hardwick, and Howard L. Lubert. Classics of American Political and Constitutional Thought. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub., 2007.

[9] Copeland, Lewis, Lawrence W. Lamm, and Stephen J. McKenna. The World’s Greatest Speeches. 4th ed. Mineola, NY: Dover, 1999.

[10] Fineman, Howard. The Thirteen American Arguments: Enduring Debates That Define and Inspire Our Country. New York, NY: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2009. 199.

[11] Taylor, Zachary. “Inaugural Address.” Presidential Inauguration. U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, D.C. 5 Mar. 1849. Address.

[12] Reported in the Economist, 12 Dec. 2009: 33.  The survey, “America’s Place in the World,” is conducted every four years by the Pew Research Center and the Council on Foreign Relations.

[13] From Unger, Harlow G. The Last Founding Father: James Monroe and a Nation’s Call to Greatness.  Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press, 2009. 350-351.

[14] From Unger, Harlow G. The Last Founding Father: James Monroe and a Nation’s Call to Greatness.  Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press, 2009. 351-352.

[15] Pierce, Franklin. “Inaugural Address.” Presidential Inauguration. U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, D.C. 4 Mar. 1853. Address.

[16] The Biblical Book of Ecclesiastes, Chapter 1 Verse 9.

[17] Washington, George. “Washington’s Farewell Address.” Avalon.law.yale.edu. Avalon Project – Yale Law School, 2008. Web. 29 Aug. 2011. <http://avalon.law.yale.edu/ 18th_century/washing.asp>.

[18] Kennedy, John F. “Inaugural Address.” Presidential Inauguration. U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, D.C. 20 Jan. 1961. Address.

[19] From Byrne, Robert, comp. The 2,548 Best Things Anyone Ever Said. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006. #1,723.

[20] Quoted in Ellis, Joseph J. Founding Brothers: the Revolutionary Generation. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. 132.

[21] Cleveland, Grover. “First Inaugural Address.” Presidential Inauguration. U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, D.C. 4 Mar. 1885. Address.

[22] Diko?tter, Frank. Mao’s Great Famine: the History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958-62. London: Bloomsbury, 2010.

[23] Dikötter, Frank. Mao’s Great Famine: the History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958-1962. New York: Walker &, 2010. 134.

[24] Quoted in Cassidy, John. “Prophet Motive.” The New Yorker. 28 Feb. 2011: 32.

[25] “Americans are ‘Turning Decidedly Inward.’ Study Says.” The Kansas City Star. 4 Dec. 2009: A3.

[26] “Too Many Chains.” The Economist. 19 Dec. 2009: 111.

[27] Franklin, Benjamin, and J. A. Leo Lema. Autobiography, Poor Richard, and Later Writings: Letters from London, 1757-1775, Paris, 1776-1785, Philadelphia, 1785-1790, Poor Richard’s Almanack, 1733-1758, the Autobiography. New York: Library of America, 1997. 158.

[28] Hamilton, Alexander. Alexander Hamilton: Writings. [New York]: Library of America, 2001.

[29] Quoted by Robert A. Caro in The Years of LBJ: Means of Ascent.  New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990. xxiv.

[30] Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. Trans. Richard Philcox. New York: Grove, 2004.

[31] “How America Can Rise Again.” The Atlantic. Jan./Feb. 2010: 48.

[32] Maraniss, David. Rome 1960: the Olympics That Changed the World. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008. 322.

[33] The Gettysburg Address.

[34] Adams, John Quincy. “John Quincy Adams on U.S. Foreign Policy (1821).” FFF.org. The Future of Freedom Foundation, 2010. Web. 29 Aug. 2011. <http://www.fff.org/ comment/AdamsPolicy.asp>.